An individual’s context may allow them to feel a sense of closeness to or a sense of alienation from a text. Also, an author is able to manipulate the forms and features of a text in order to establish the audience’s sense of aesthetic distance or affinity with their work. Consider Tom Roberts’ Shearing the Rams (1890) (image courtesy of the National Gallery of Victoria).

Tom Roberts
Shearing the rams 1890
oil on canvas on composition board
National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne
Felton Bequest, 1932
What are some of the underlying assumptions made by the painter?
Who might feel excluded from this image?
Compare this to the appropriation Convicts by heritage, Guilty by choice which is from an advertising campaign for ‘aussieBum’ underwear. According to the National Gallery of Victoria, ‘the designer, Sean Ashby, described his advertisement as ‘promoting what it means to be Australian today’ – an aim very close to Roberts’s own when he made Shearing the rams’.

Convicts by Heritage, Guilty by Choice
aussieBum www.aussiebum.com
What assumptions about men underpin this image?
Does this image support or subvert Australian stereotypes?
Does it challenge your understanding of what it means to be an Australian?
Who might feel excluded from this text?
Finally, what questions about Australia’s national identity are raised in Leunig’s cartoon, Ramming the Shears (courtesy of the National Gallery of Victoria)?

Michael Leunig
born Australia 1945
Ramming the shears c.1985
aniline dyes and black felt tip pen on white card
22.8 x 30.3 cm
La Trobe Picture Collection, State Library of Victoria
Purchased, 1987 (H87.181)
© Michael Leunig
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Extension work: The Sydney Morning Herald’s piece White art enhanced by some colour (Nov, 13 2008) discusses Dianne Jones’ version of Roberts’ Shearing of the Rams as well as a number of her other appropriations of iconic Australian artworks. Read the interview with the indigenous Australian artist and examine some of her other works to develop your understanding of how people might feel excluded from a text or even a national identity.
Dianne Jones
Shearing the rams, 2001
Inkjet on canvas, edition of 10
121.9 x 182.6cm
Copyright courtesy of the artist